Acid-base titration acts as a fundamental analytical technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution. This procedure involves the stepwise addition of a specified solution, called the titrant, to a solution of unknown concentration until the reaction between the acid and base is neutralized. The point at which this occurs, know

In acid-base titrations, the equivalence point signifies the precise moment when the {acid|analyte and base have completely canceled each other. This crucial phase is often signaled by a sudden change in the solution's acidity, though it may not always be visible. To effectively pinpoint this cutoff, techniques like using an chemical probe or monit